Introduction:
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a powerful language for styling web pages. While many developers are familiar with the basics of CSS, there are numerous lesser-known tricks and techniques that can help take your CSS skills to the next level. In this article, we will explore 100 lesser-known CSS tricks that can help you improve the design and functionality of your web pages.
Basic CSS Tricks
- Using
box-sizing: border-box;
to include padding and border in the element's total width and height. - Using
:root { --variable-name: value; }
to define CSS variables. - Using
calc()
function to perform calculations in CSS values. - Using
:focus-within
pseudo-class to apply styles to a parent element when any of its children elements are focused. - Using
scroll-behavior: smooth;
to add smooth scrolling to anchor links. - Using
:not()
pseudo-class to apply styles to elements that do not match a specific selector. - Using
::before
and::after
pseudo-elements to add content before and after an element. - Using
clip-path
property to create custom shapes. - Using
text-overflow: ellipsis;
to truncate text with an ellipsis when it overflows its container. - Using
pointer-events: none;
to make an element non-clickable.
Advanced CSS Tricks
- Using
@supports
rule to apply styles based on browser support for certain CSS features. - Using
backdrop-filter
property to apply visual effects to the area behind an element. - Using
mix-blend-mode
property to blend the colors of an element with its background. - Using
object-fit: cover;
to scale images while maintaining their aspect ratio and covering their container. - Using
shape-outside
property to wrap text around a non-rectangular shape. - Using
will-change
property to inform the browser about the changes that are likely to happen to an element. - Using
image-set()
function to provide multiple image sources with different resolutions for responsive images. - Using
font-variation-settings
property to apply variable fonts with custom variations. - Using
@keyframes
rule to create animations. - Using
@media
rule to apply styles based on the device's screen size or other media features.
Layout and Flexbox Tricks
- Using
display: grid;
to create grid layouts. - Using
grid-template-areas
property to define named grid areas. - Using
grid-auto-flow
property to control the direction in which grid items are placed. - Using
justify-self
andalign-self
properties to align individual grid items. - Using
display: flex;
to create flexible layouts. - Using
flex-grow
,flex-shrink
, andflex-basis
properties to control the flex behavior of flex items. - Using
order
property to change the order of flex items. - Using
align-content
property to align flex lines within a flex container. - Using
gap
property to add space between grid or flex items. - Using
aspect-ratio
property to control the aspect ratio of an element.
Animation and Transition Tricks
- Using
transition
property to add smooth transitions between CSS property changes. - Using
animation
property to create complex animations with keyframes. - Using
@keyframes
rule to define the steps of an animation. - Using
animation-fill-mode
property to control the styles applied to an element before and after an animation. - Using
animation-direction
property to control the direction of an animation. - Using
animation-timing-function
property to specify the speed curve of an animation. - Using
animation-iteration-count
property to control the number of times an animation should repeat. - Using
animation-play-state
property to pause and resume an animation. - Using
transition-timing-function
property to specify the speed curve of a transition. - Using
@supports
rule to apply different animations or transitions based on browser support.
Typography and Text Tricks
- Using
text-transform
property to transform text to uppercase, lowercase, or capitalize. - Using
text-decoration
property to add or remove decorations such as underline or line-through. - Using
word-break
property to control how words break when reaching the end of a line. - Using
word-wrap
property to control whether long words can break and wrap onto the next line. - Using
white-space
property to control how white space inside an element is handled. - Using
letter-spacing
property to adjust the spacing between characters. - Using
line-height
property to control the height of lines of text. - Using
font-feature-settings
property to enable or disable OpenType features in fonts. - Using
text-overflow
property to specify how overflowed content should be signaled to the user. - Using
direction
property to specify the text direction of an element.
Responsive Design Tricks
- Using media queries to apply different styles based on the device's screen size.
- Using
min-width
andmax-width
media queries to target specific device widths. - Using
min-height
andmax-height
media queries to target specific device heights. - Using
orientation
media query to apply styles based on the device's orientation (landscape or portrait). - Using
aspect-ratio
media query to apply styles based on the aspect ratio of the viewport. - Using
resolution
media query to apply styles based on the device's resolution. - Using
color
media query to apply styles based on the device's color capabilities. - Using
prefers-reduced-motion
media query to apply styles based on the user's preference for reduced motion. - Using
hover
media query to apply styles when the user hovers over an element. - Using
pointer
media query to apply styles based on the type of pointing device (mouse or touch).
Accessibility and User Interface Tricks
- Using
aria-*
attributes to improve the accessibility of your web pages. - Using
tabindex
attribute to control the tab order of elements. - Using
:focus-visible
pseudo-class to apply styles to elements that are focused using the keyboard. - Using
:read-only
and:read-write
pseudo-classes to style elements based on their read-only or read-write state. - Using
:valid
and:invalid
pseudo-classes to style elements based on their validation state. - Using
:required
and:optional
pseudo-classes to style elements based on their required or optional status. - Using
:checked
pseudo-class to style checked checkboxes and radio buttons. - Using
:indeterminate
pseudo-class to style indeterminate checkboxes. - Using `:placeholder-shown
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